Ramses II tank

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Ramses II
Type	Main battle tank
Place of origin	Egypt
Service history
In service	2005–2020
Used by	Egypt
Wars	Egyptian Crisis
Production history
Designer	Chrysler Defense
Designed	1990s
Produced	2004–2005
No. built	+425
Specifications
Mass	48 tons
Length	Hull length: 7.05 m, With gun 9.60 m
Width	3.42 m
Height	2.40 m
Crew	4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
Armor	Active/Passive
Main armament	105 mm M68 rifled cannon
Secondary armament	1 × 7.62 mm SGMT medium coaxial machine gun, 1 × .50-caliber (12.7 mm) M2HB heavy machine gun
Engine	TCM AVDS-1790-5A turbocharged diesel developing 908 hp
Power/weight	18 hp/tonne
Transmission	Renk RK-304 with 4 fwd and 4 rev
Suspension	General Dynamics Land Systems Model 2880 in-arm hydropneumatic
Fuel capacity	1,312 liters
Operational range	530 km
Maximum speed	Road: 69 km/h, Off-road: 42 km/h

The Ramses II tank is a heavily modernized T-55 main battle tank designed for and used by the Egyptian Armed Forces. A single T-54 was sent to the United States for upgrading. A primary prototype was sent to Egypt where extensive trials were completed in late 1987. The tank finally entered production in 2004–2005. A total of 425 units have been produced. The tank was originally called the T-54E ("E" stands for "Egyptian").

At early stages, the upgrade was concerned with the firepower and mobility of the tank solely, while latter stages included the improvement of the level of protection as well. The tank's hull was modified to accommodate the new engine which had a great commonality with the one used by the M60A3 (the most numerous main battle tank in active Egyptian service), as a result an additional road wheel was added. The tank is armed with the same main gun used by Egyptian M60A3's, in addition to a sophisticated fire control system.